5.0 based on 34 reviews
Each level of language proficiency assumes a gradual and increasingly complex mastery of various aspects of the Polish language, allowing learners to communicate more effectively and freely in various social, professional, and academic situations.
Level | Type | Description |
A1 | Phonology | Recognising and producing basic sounds of the Polish language. Ability to distinguish phonemes that may affect the meaning of words. |
Morphology | Knowledge of basic grammatical forms: nouns (singular and plural), verbs (present tense forms), adjectives. Use of basic cases (nominative, accusative). | |
Syntax | Forming simple declarative, interrogative, and negative sentences. Understanding and using basic sentence structures. | |
Vocabulary | Vocabulary covering basic communication needs (family, shopping, work). Understanding and using basic everyday expressions. | |
Pragmatics | Ability to conduct simple conversations on familiar topics. Understanding and appropriately responding to basic questions and commands. | |
Thematic areas | Introducing oneself and others. Describing family and immediate surroundings. Shopping, numbers, colours, days of the week, months. | |
Grammar | Conjugation of verbs in the present tense. Basic cases: nominative, accusative. Articles, singular and plural. Forming simple sentences (SVO – subject, verb, object). | |
Phrases and idioms | “How are you?”, “My name is…”, “I am from…”, “Please”, “Thank you”, “Sorry”, “How much is this?” |
Level | Type | Description |
A2 | Phonology | Better articulation of sounds and intonation. Improved recognition of word stress. |
Morphology | Broader knowledge of verb forms (past tense, imperative). Using more complex noun and adjective forms (declension by cases). | |
Syntax | Forming more complex sentences using conjunctions (and, but, because). Understanding and using compound sentences. | |
Vocabulary | Extending vocabulary to more complex topics (health, education, transport). Using idiomatic expressions at a basic level. | |
Pragmatics | Conducting simple conversations in more varied situations. Ability to express opinions and feelings in a simple manner. | |
Thematic areas | Basic daily activities. Transport, communication, leisure time. Weather, health, food and drinks. | |
Grammar | Conjugation of verbs in the past tense. Basic cases: genitive, dative. Comparison of adjectives. Simple compound sentences and use of conjunctions. | |
Phrases and idioms | “I am a student/worker…”, “I like/don’t like…”, “Can you help me?”, “I would like…”, “Where is…?” |
Level | Type | Description |
B1 | Phonology | Further improvement of pronunciation and intonation. Better understanding of colloquial speech and regional accents. |
Morphology | Understanding and using future tense forms. Greater proficiency in using declensions of nouns and adjectives. | |
Syntax | Forming complex subordinate and compound sentences. Ability to use various tenses and verbal aspects. | |
Vocabulary | Extending vocabulary to more abstract and technical terms. Greater knowledge of idioms and set phrases. | |
Pragmatics | Conducting more complex conversations, including negotiations. Ability to express more complicated thoughts and feelings. | |
Thematic areas | Interpersonal relationships, work, education. Culture, entertainment, technology. Health, sports, hobbies. | |
Grammar | Conjugation of verbs in the future tense. Using aspects of verbs (imperfective and perfective). Advanced declension by cases (instrumental, locative). Conditional constructions and subjunctive mood. | |
Phrases and idioms | “I think that…”, “It seems to me that…”, “Can I ask about…?”, “I agree/disagree…”, “It depends on…” |
Level | Type | Description |
B2 | Phonology | Almost flawless pronunciation. Full understanding and use of intonation in speech. |
Morphology | Full proficiency in using all tenses and verb moods. Advanced skills in declension of nouns and adjectives. | |
Syntax | Forming complex sentences with multiple subordinates and coordinates. Ability to use advanced grammatical structures. | |
Vocabulary | Rich vocabulary covering specialised fields. Proficiency in using idioms and set phrases. | |
Pragmatics | Conducting advanced conversations on various topics. Ability to adjust the style of speech to the context. | |
Thematic areas | Politics, economy, environment. Science, technology, culture. Society, global issues, media. | |
Grammar | Complex sentence structures using conjunctions (although, despite). Using all cases in advanced contexts. Modal verbs and their use. Passive constructions and impersonal forms. | |
Phrases and idioms | “On one hand…, on the other hand…”, “It’s true that…, but…”, “I am convinced that…”, “It’s worth noting that…”, “I’m not sure whether…” |
Level | Type | Description |
C1 | Phonology | Perfect pronunciation and intonation. Ability to understand and use phonological nuances. |
Morphology | Excellent knowledge and use of all grammatical forms. Ability to create and understand complex word formations. | |
Syntax | Ability to form very complex sentence structures. Full understanding and use of advanced grammatical constructions. | |
Vocabulary | Very rich vocabulary, including specialised and technical terms. Ability to use language creatively and play with words. | |
Pragmatics | Ability to conduct complex conversations at a professional level. Full understanding of cultural and social contexts. | |
Thematic areas | Philosophy, psychology, literature. Advanced scientific and technical topics. International politics, international relations. | |
Grammar | Very complex sentences with multiple subordinates and coordinates. Advanced conditional and relative constructions. Use of formal and informal style depending on the context. Complex grammatical structures, such as ellipses and anacolutha. | |
Phrases and idioms | “I agree with the thesis that…”, “There is no doubt that…”, “From the point of view…”, “As we know…”, “By the way…” |
Level | Type | Description |
C2 | Phonology | Immediate recognition and reproduction of any sounds of the language. Ability to mimic any accents and dialects. |
| Morphology | Absolute proficiency in using all grammatical forms flawlessly. Ability to create new word formations naturally. |
| Syntax | Fluent formation of the most complex grammatical structures. Full understanding and use of all complex sentence constructions. |
| Vocabulary | Infinite knowledge of vocabulary in various fields. Perfect use of idioms, set phrases, and neologisms. |
| Pragmatics | Ability to communicate at an expert level in any field. Full adaptation of style and tone of speech to the most subtle contexts. |
| Thematic areas | Any topics depending on interests and needs. Specialised scientific and technical fields. All advanced topics related to culture, politics, science, and art. |
| Grammar | Use of the most advanced grammatical and syntactic forms. Full understanding of linguistic nuances and subtleties. Ability to use language creatively and flexibly in any situation. |
| Phrases and idioms | “Analysing the above issue…”, “In the context of…”, “From the perspective of…”, “With regard to…”, “Taking into account…” |
